Determination of biological efficiency of fungicides against quarantine pests of grain, legume and oil crops in laboratory conditions

This study provides an assessment of the biological effectiveness of fungicides with different active ingredients in relation to Cochliobolus carbonum Nels, Diaporthe helianthi Munt.-Cvet. et al. and Cercospora kikuchii (Matsumoto & Tomoyasu) Gardner. The listed fungi are quarantine pests that significantly reduce seed germination, lower grain quality, and reduce oil yield and quality. Due to the fact that seed material is the main pathway, there is a pest risk of introducing quarantine fungi into the territory of Russia. Pre-sowing seed treatment with chemicals is a reliable method of controlling fungal diseases. The 8 tested fungicides registered for these crops, in the case of soybeans and corn non-registered fungicides, were analyzed. Minimum concentrations of active substances that completely deprive quarantine fungi of viability were established. The biological efficiency of the preparations was assessed in laboratory conditions on a solid nutrient medium of 2% potato dextrose agar (PDA) with the addition of fungicides of different active compositions in concentrations of 100, 10 and 1%. It was found that in relation to fungi C. carbonum and D. helianthi, fungicides Scarlet, ME; Pioneer, SC; Klad, SC and Deposit Supreme, ME showed 100% biological efficiency in all tested concentrations. The fungicide preparation TMTD, Water SC worked effectively against Diaporthe helianthi in all concentrations, as evidenced by the absence of colony growth on Petri dishes. In relation to Cercospora kikuchii, the following preparations were effective: Scarlet, ME; TMTD, Water SC; Deposit Supreme, ME and Vitalon, SC in concentrations of 100 and 10%. The preparations Klad, SC; Oplot, Water SC and Pioneer, SC showed their activity only in 100% concentration, where they actively suppressed the growth of the C. kikuchii colony.

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