Soybean mycobiota as a limiting factor in the export potential of the Russian Federation

The paper analyzes the dynamics of soybean production in Russia, export volumes and phytosanitary requirements of the main countries importing Russian soybeans. The top three countries importing Russian soybeans include the People’s Republic of China, the Republic of Belarus and the Republic of Kazakhstan. Based on the results of a survey of this crop in Altai Krai and Primorsky Krai, experimental data on the detection of mycobiota associated with soybean plants are presented. These data are supplemented by generalized literary information on phytopathogens that have become widespread in the country, in particular in the Far East – the main soybean-growing region of Russia.

During the phytosanitary monitoring, 82 samples of soybean plants were selected, 239 isolates of cultivated micromycetes were isolated, and the species composition was determined using morphological (macro- and microcharacters) and genetic (determination of nucleotide sequences of the ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 region) methods. The species structure of the pathogenic mycocenosis of vegetative soybean plants, which is represented by fungi of the genera Fusarium (43%,), Alternaria (23%), Diaporthe (6,5%), Colletotrichum (6,5%), Sclerotinia (4%) etc., is described. Such species as Сolletotrichum lineola as Colletotrichum incanum have been reported for the first time on soybean plant in Russia. Another detection made during the survey of the Altai Krai is Diaporthe cf. cucurbitae. The article provides illustrations of the disease symptoms, macro- and microscopic characters of the main phytopathogens. It is shown that fungal pathogens of soybeans, regulated by importing countries, are widespread in soybean crops in the Russian Federation, which may negatively affect export opportunities.

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