Study of seasonal development of Solanum carolinense L. under controlled experimental conditions

Solanum carolinense L., Carolina horsenettle, is an invasive species of North American origin. This is a perennial vegetatively mobile plant quickly colonizing new territories. It contaminates soybean, corn, wheat crops, as well as gardens, pastures and uncultivated lands. Its main pathway is food shipments contaminated with its seeds from countries where it is widespread. The weed is extremely drought-resistant due to its fleshy, succulent roots that penetrate deeply into the soil; shade-tolerant, although prefers illuminated habitats. It grows in various soil types, and can withstand flooding. However, its underground organs are sensitive to low positive temperatures and cannot withstand negative temperatures. This limits its advance to the northern regions and mountainous areas. In recent decades, new detection cases of Carolina horsenettle have been registered in European countries in various crops, along roads, near port areas. Specialists from the European and Mediterranean Plant Protection Organization (EPPO) conducted a pest risk analysis, as a result of which Carolina horsenettle was included in the EPPO list of quarantine pests with the status of a limitedly present species (EPPO..., 2022). This species is absent in the Russian Federation, though has the status of a quarantine pest, since there is a high risk of its introduction from neighboring countries (for example, from Georgia) or when importing corn, soybean, and wheat seeds (Moskalenko, 2001). In the context of ongoing global climate change, the question arises in what latitudes can Carolina horsenettle can adapt on the territory of the Russian Federation. This article is devoted to the study of the growth and development characteristics of this species under controlled experimental conditions.

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