Ips amitinus (Eichhoff, 1872) (Coleoptera, Curculionidae, Scolytinae) – outbreaks development in the Siberian pine forests of Western Siberia

In 2017–2018, there was detected a new invader of European origin, eight-toothed spruce bark beetle Ips amitinus, in some Siberian pine forests near settlements in Western Siberia. This invader has by now formed outbreaks in Siberian pine forests on an area of 1.3 thousand hectares in Tomsk Oblast and on an area of 1.5 thousand hectares in Kemerovo Oblast. In Russia, it was previously detected only in the forests of the most western regions. In Europe, this xylophage is related to spruces Picea abies and Picea omorika, pines Pinus cembra, Pinus heldreichii, Pinus mugo, Pinus peuce and Pinus strobus. It was also detected on Abies alba and Larix decidua, without causing great damage. In Western Siberia, though, it propagated on Pinus sibirica and forms intensively developing outbreaks. No outbreaks on other conifers widespread in Western Siberia were detected. In Ips amitinus outbreaks, there is a massive breeding of Ips typographus and Ipssexdentatus. Some trees are damaged by root rot of conifers (causative agent – fungus Heterobasidion annosum). On the needles of trees inhabited by stem pests, pathogenic fungus Lophodermium pinastri, causing its death, develops. Measures to protect Siberian pine forests in such outbreaks have not yet been developed, and the formation of outbreaks in Siberian pine forests near settlements, which are specially protected natural areas in Tomsk Oblast, makes their implementation difficult. This situation contributes to the expansion of the invasive range of Ips amitinus in Western Siberia.

1. Arnoldi L., Medvedev S., Plavilshchikov N., Stark V., Ter-Minasyan M. Order Coleoptera – Coleoptera, or beetles. In: Pests of the forest, reference book. M.-L.: AN SSSR, 1955; 2: 425–737 (in Russian).

2. Baranchikov Yu., Krivets S. On professionalism in identifying insects: how they overlooked the emergence of a new aggressive pest of fir in Siberia [O professionalizme pri opredelenii nasekomykh: kak prosmotreli poyavleniye novogo agressivnogo vreditelya pikhty v Sibiri]. Ecology of Southern Siberia and adjacent territories, 2010; 1 (14): 50–52.

3. Kerchev I., Mandelshtam M., Krivets S., Ilinsky Yu. Small spruce bark beetle Ips amitinus (Eichhoff, 1872) (Coleoptera, Curculionidae: Scolytinae): a new alien species in Western Siberia. Entomological Review, 2019; 98 (3): 592–599 (in Russian).

4. Kerchev I., Krivets S., Bisirova E., Smirnov N., 2021. Distribution of the small spruce bark beetle Ips amitinus (Eichhoff, 1872) in Western Siberia. Russian Journal of Biological Invasions, No. 4: 77–84 (in Russian).

5. Krivolutskaya G. Ecological and geographical characteristics of the fauna of bark beetles (Coleoptera, Scolytidae) of Northern Asia [Ekologo-geograficheskaya kharakteristika fauny koroyedov (Coleoptera, Scolytidae) Severnoy Azii]. Entomological review, 1983; 62 (2): 287–301 (in Russian).

6. Mandelshtam M. New data on the fauna of bark beetles (Coleoptera, Scolytidae) of the Leningrad Oblast [Novyye dannyye o faune koroyedov (Coleoptera, Scolytidae) Leningradskoy oblasti]. In: Problems of entomology in Russia. Collection of scientific papers of the XI Congress of the Russian Entomological Society (September 23–26, 1997, St. Petersburg). ZIN RAN. 1998; 2: 23–24 (in Russian).

7. Mukhamadiev N., Gninenko Yu., Ashykbaev N., Mendibaeva G., Kenes N. Atlas of dominant insect species – xylophagous Schrenk spruce [Atlas dominantnykh vidov nasekomykh – ksilofagov yeli Shrenka]. Almaty, 2020; 75 p. (in Russian).

8. Orlova-Bienkowskaja M. Is it possible to distinguish alien species of beetles (Coleoptera) from native ones? [Mozhno li otlichit chuzherodnyye vidy zhestkokrylykh (Coleoptera) ot mestnykh?]. Entomological Review, 2016; 95 (2): 71–89 (in Russian).

9. Petrov A. Fauna of bark beetles in Moscow Oblast [Fauna koroyedov Moskovskoy oblasti]. Ecology, monitoring and rational use of natural resources. M.: MGU Lesa. Sat. scientific tr., 1998; 294 (1): 198–211 (in Russian).

10. Stark V. Coleoptera. Bark beetles. Fauna of the USSR [Zhestkokrylyye. Koroyedy. Fauna SSSR]. M.-L., USSR Academy of Sciences, 1952: 31: 461 p. (in Russian).

11. Yakovlev E. Trends in changes in the entomofauna of Karelia in the 20th century (on the example of certain potentially harmful, as well as rare and vulnerable species of insects) [Tendentsii izmeneniya entomofauny Karelii v KHKH veke (na primere otdelnykh potentsial’no vredonosnykh, a takzhe redkikh i uyazvimykh vidov nasekomykh)]. Tr. Karelian Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences. Biogeography of Karelia (Flora and fauna of taiga ecosystems). Petrozavodsk, 2003; 4: 141–145 (in Russian).

12. Yanovsky V. Annotated list of bark beetles (Coleoptera, Scolytidae) of Northern Asia [Annotirovannyy spisok koroyedov (Coleoptera, Scolytidae) Severnoy Azii]. Entomological Review, 1999; 78 (2): 327–362 (in Russian).

13. Yatsentkovsky A. Key to bark beetles by damage [Opredelitel koroyedov po povrezhdeniyam]. M.: Selkhozgiz, 1930, 266 p. (in Russian).

14. Annila E., Nuorteva M., 1977. Dates of attack and emergence of Ips amitinus Eichh. (Col., Scolytidae) in Finland. Ann. Ent. Fenn., 43 (1): 28–30.

15. Biermann G., Thalenhorst W., 1977. Zur Kenntnis des “kleinen Buchdruckers”, Ips amitinus (Eichh.) (Col., Scolytidae). Anzeiger Schädlingskunde und Pan-zenschutz Umweltschutz, 50 (2): 20–23.

16. Grodzki W. Szkodniki wtórne świerka – kornik drukarz i kornik drukarczyk. Biblioteczka Leśniczego, 1998, 95 p.

17. Kerchev I., Krivets S., Mandelshtam M. Ips amitinus (Eichhoff, 1872) (Coleoptera, Curculionidae: Scolytinae) – a new pest of Pinus sibirica in Western Siberia. In: Invasive dendrophilous organisms: challenges and protection operations. Collective monograph. Under the general edition of Gninenko Yu.I. Pushkino: VNIILM, 2019, р. 110–118.

18. Koponen M., 1975. Distribution of Ips amitinus Eichh. (Coleoptera, Scolytidae) in Finland in 1950–1973. Ann. Ent. Fenn., No. 41: 65–69.

19. Lubojacký J., 2012. Lýkožrout menší Ips amitinus (Eichhoff, 1871). – Lesnicka prace, No. 10: 1–4.

20. Mazur А., Kuźmiński R., 2013. Phenology of development and population characteristics of the small spruce bark beetle Ips amitinus (Eichh.) in the Karkonoski National Park. Folia Forestalia Polonica, series A, 55 (2): 89–96.

21. Mandelshtam M., 1999. Current status of Ips amitinus Eichh. (Coleoptera, Scolytidae) in North-West Russia. Entomologica Fennica, 10 (1): 29–34.

22. Økland B., Flø D., Schroeder M., Zach P., Cocos D., Martikainen P., Siitonen J., Mandelshtam M., Musolin D., Neuvonen S., Vakula J., Nikolov Ch., Lindelöw Å., Voolma K., 2019. Range expansion of the small spruce bark beetle Ips amitinus: a newcomer in northern Europe. Agricultural and Forest Entomology, No. 21: 286–298.

23. Økland B., Skarpaas O., 2008. Draft pest risk assessment report on the small spruce bark beetle, Ips amitinus. Commissioned report from Norwegian Forest and Landscape Institute, 10/2008.

24. Voolma K., Mandelshtam M., Shcherbakov A., Yakovlev E., Õunap H., Süda I., Popovichev B., Sharapa T., Galasjeva T., Khairetdinov R., Lipatkin V., Mozolevskaya E., 2004. Distribution and spread of bark-beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) around the Gulf of Finland: a comparative study with note on rare species of Estonia, Finland and North-Western Russia. Entomologica Fennica, 15 (4): 198–210.

25. Yandex.Maps, Ipatovo village [Electronic resource]. URL: https://yandex.ru/maps/geo/derevnya_ipatovo/53116520/?l=sat%2Cskl&ll=85.051984%2C56.328553&z=16 (last accessed: 05.04.2022).

26. Yandex.Maps, p. Base [Electronic resource]. URL: https://yandex.ru/maps/geo/selo_bazoy/53115960/?l=sat&ll=83.344413%2C55.737214&rl=85.050707%2C56.330770~-0.000472%2C0.000840~0.005665%2C-0.002611~-0.004292%2C0.000286&z=15 (last accessed: 05.04.2022).

27. Yandex.Maps, p. g. t. Yashkino [Electronic resource]. URL: https://yandex.ru/maps/geo/posyolok_gorodskogo_tipa_yashkino/53109822/?l=sat%2Cskl&ll=86.177595%2C56.373394&z=7 (last accessed: 05.04.2022).