Fungal diseases of soybean in the Far East

Soybeans are one of the most required and profitable crops in the world. Diseases caused by fungal pathogens are one of the main factors limiting its production. The article provides information about soybean diseases common in Russia and the Far East region in particular, with the description of the course and the symptoms. In 2022, employees of FGBU “VNIIKR” conducted a survey of the phytosanitary state of soybean plantings of the All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Soybean in Amur Oblast. The survey was carried out to determine the species composition of pathogens of soybean fungal diseases in the conditions of the Far East of the Russian Federation and methods for their identification. As a result of the research, fungal pathogens belonging to 14 species, 9 genera, 7 families, 5 orders and 2 classes were detected. The most numerous were members of the genus Fusarium – 6 species. The genus Colletotrichum included 4 species. The rest 7 genera were represented by 1 species. Among the detected and identified pathogens, the most harmful and economically significant are representatives of the genera Colletotrichum and Diaporthe, causing anthracnose, canker and soybean phomopsis. Three anthracnose pathogens were simultaneously detected on soybean plants – C. truncatum, C. incanum and C.sojae, which can greatly complicate control of this disease. Also, such dangerous and export-significant species for Russia were detected on soybean plants, such as Diaporthe phaseolorum var. caulivora and Phomopsis longicolla. When conducting a study of the pathogens’ morphological structures, a previously unknown D.caulivora strain was identified, containing a pycnidial stage in its development cycle. Moreover, both α- and β-spores were simultaneously present in the pycnidia. The results obtained by the cultural and morphological method were confirmed by sequencing nucleotide sequences using the internal transcribed spacer ITS of ribosomal DNA with further comparison with reference sequences in the NCBI GenBank.

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