phytosanitaryФитосанитария. Карантин растенийPlant Health and Quarantine2782-327X10.69536/e2257-1164-9169-xphytosanitary-98Research ArticleНАУЧНЫЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯSCIENTIFIC RESEARCHАнализ фитосанитарного риска Diaporthe cucurbitae и Stagonosporopsis citrulli для семян тыквенных культурPest risk analysis of Diaporthe cucurbitae and Stagonosporopsis citrulli for Cucurbitaceae seedshttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-6022-5955СловареваО. Ю.SlovarevaO. Yu.

Словарева Ольга Юрьевна, младший научный сотрудник отдела организации межлабораторных сличительных испытаний ФГБУ «ВНИИКР»

р. п. Быково, г. Раменское, Московская обл.

Olga Slovareva, Junior Researcher, Interlabolatory Comparative Tests Organization Department, FGBU “VNIIKR”

Bykovo, Ramenskoye, Moscow Oblast

slovareva.olga@gmail.comhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-3826-1009БондаренкоГ. Н.BondarenkoG. N.

Бондаренко Галина Николаевна, кандидат биологических наук, старший научный сотрудник – начальник Испытательного лабораторного центра ФГБУ «ВНИИКР»; старший преподаватель Аграрно-технологического института ФГАОУ ВО «РУДН»

р. п. Быково, г. Раменское, Московская обл.; Москва

Galina Bondarenko, PhD in Biology, Senior Researcher – Head of the Testing Laboratory Center, FGBU “VNIIKR”; Senior Lecturer of the Agrarian and Technological Institute of RUDN

Bykovo, Ramenskoye, Moscow Oblast; Moscow

reseachergm@mail.ruФГБУ «Всероссийский центр карантина растений» (ФГБУ «ВНИИКР»)РоссияFGBU “All-Russian Plant Quarantine Center” (FGBU “VNIIKR”)Russian FederationФГБУ «Всероссийский центр карантина растений» (ФГБУ «ВНИИКР»); ФГАОУ ВО «Российский университет дружбы народов»РоссияFGBU “All-Russian Plant Quarantine Center” (FGBU “VNIIKR”); Federal State Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Education “Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia”Russian Federation202226032022014047Copyright © Словарева О.Ю., Бондаренко Г.Н., 20222022Словарева О.Ю., Бондаренко Г.Н.Slovareva O.Y., Bondarenko G.N.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://phytosanitary.vniikr.ru/jour/article/view/98

В ходе работы впервые проведен анализ фитосанитарного риска (АФР) патогенных грибов Diaport­ he cucurbitae и Stagonosporopsis citrulli для подкарантинной продукции – семян тыквенных культур. Возбудитель черной гнили тыквенных культур Diaporthe cucurbitae может являться причиной гибели проростков при раннем заражении. На плодах растений-хозяев фитопатоген вызывает симптомы в виде коричневых мягких впалых повреждений неправильной формы, приводя к существенному ухудшению товарных качеств. Главный путь распространения гриба – семенной материал тыквенных культур. Возбудитель микоза способен передаваться механически между растениями при проведении сельскохозяйственных мероприятий, с помощью ветра и капельно-жидкой влаги, а также сохраняться в растительных остатках, запуская новый цикл развития болезни в последующем вегетационном периоде. Stagonosporopsis citrulli относится к группе возбудителей вязкой гнили, состоящей из трех морфологически похожих, но генетически разных видов: Stagonosporopsis citrulli, Stagonosporopsis cucurbitacearum и Stagonosporopsis caricae. Заражение может произойти на листьях, стеблях и плодах. Возбудитель может передаваться через проростки из зараженных семян. В связи с повсеместным выращиванием растений-хозяев на территории Российской Федерации и возможными негативными последствиями проникновения и распространения перечисленных выше вредных организмов, принято решение о проведении АФР в рамках исследования фитосанитарной безопасности семян тыквенных культур. Результаты АФР показали, что Diaporthe cucurbitae и Stagonosporopsis citrulli способны нанести вред производству тыквенных культур в России, но показатель потенциального ущерба указанных фитопатогенов низкий, поэтому они не рекомендованы для включения в перечень регулируемых вредных организмов.

In the course of the work, for the first time, a pest risk analysis (PRA) was carried out for the pathogenic fungi Diaporthe cucurbitae and Stagonosporopsis citrulli for regulated products – Cucurbitaceae seeds. The agent of black rot Diaporthe cucurbitae can cause death of seedlings in case of early infection. On host plants fruits, the phytopathogen causes symptoms in the form of brown, soft, sunken lesions of irregular shape, leading to a significant deterioration in commercial qualities. The main pathway of the fungus is the Cucurbitaceae seed material. The causative agent of mycosis is able to be transmitted mechanically between plants during agricultural activities, with the help of wind and drop-liquid moisture, and also persist in plant debris, starting a new cycle of disease development in the next growing season. Stagonosporopsis citrulli belongs to the group of viscous rot pathogens, consisting of three morphologically similar, but genetically different species: Stagonosporopsis citrulli, Stagonosporopsis cucurbita­ cearum and Stagonosporopsis caricae. Infection can occur on leaves, stems and fruits. The pathogen can be transmitted through seedlings from infected seeds. Due to the widespread cultivation of host plants on the territory of the Russian Federation and the possible negative consequences of the introduction and spread of the above-stated pests, it was decided to conduct a PRA as part of a study of the phytosanitary safety of Cucurbitaceae seeds. The PRA results showed that Diaport­ he cucurbitae and Stagonosporopsis citrulli can harm the production of Cucurbitaceae in Russia, but the potential damage of these phytopathogens is low, so they are not recommended for inclusion in the list of regulated pests.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.