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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">phytosanitary</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Фитосанитария. Карантин растений</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Plant Health and Quarantine</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2782-327X</issn><publisher><publisher-name></publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.69536/FKR.2025.29.63.006</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">phytosanitary-215</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ИДЕНТИФИКАЦИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>IDENTIFICATION</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Поверхностная стерилизация семян подсолнечника в лабораторных условиях</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Surface sterilization of sunflower seeds in laboratory conditions</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0001-4827-1980</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Смирнова</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Smirnova</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Смирнова Анна Владимировна, младший научный сотрудник научно-методического отдела микологии</p><p>пгт Быково, м. о. Раменский, Московская обл., 140150</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Anna Smirnova, Junior Researcher, Mycology Research and Methodology Department</p><p>Bykovo, Ramenskoye, Moscow Oblast, 140150</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">anna.smirnova2328@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8443-2641</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кузнецова</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kuznetsova</surname><given-names>Aэ A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Кузнецова Анна Александровна, старший научный сотрудник научно-методического отдела микологии и гельминтологии</p><p>пгт Быково, м. о. Раменский, Московская обл., 140150</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Anna Kuznetsova, Senior Researcher, Mycology and Helminthology Research and MethodologyDepartment</p><p>Bykovo, Ramenskoye, Moscow Oblast, 140150</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">kyyznec@bk.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0463-5762</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сурина</surname><given-names>Т. А</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Surina</surname><given-names>T. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Сурина Татьяна Александровна, кандидат биологических наук, ведущий научный сотрудник научно-методического отдела микологии игельминтологии</p><p>пгт Быково, м. о. Раменский, Московская обл., 140150</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Tatiana Surina, PhD in Biology, Leading Researcher, Mycology and Helminthology Researchand Methodology Department</p><p>Bykovo, Ramenskoye, Moscow Oblast, 140150</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">t.a.surina@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0003-8066-0075</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Костин</surname><given-names>Н. К.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Nikita K. Kostin</surname><given-names>N. K.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Костин Никита Константинович, младший научный сотрудник научно-методического отдела микологии; аспирант</p><p>пгт Быково, м. о. Раменский, Московская обл., 140150</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Nikita Kostin, Junior Researcher, Mycology Research and Methodology Department; Post-Graduate Student</p><p>Bykovo, Ramenskoye, Moscow Oblast, 140150</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">kostinwork1@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБУ «Всероссийский центр карантина растений» (ФГБУ «ВНИИКР»)</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>All-Russian Plant Quarantine Center (FGBU “VNIIKR”)</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>24</day><month>11</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>54</fpage><lpage>64</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Смирнова А.В., Кузнецова А.А., Сурина Т.А., Костин Н.К., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Смирнова А.В., Кузнецова А.А., Сурина Т.А., Костин Н.К.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Smirnova A.V., Kuznetsova A.A., Surina T.A., Nikita K. Kostin N.K.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://phytosanitary.vniikr.ru/jour/article/view/215">https://phytosanitary.vniikr.ru/jour/article/view/215</self-uri><abstract><p>Поверхностная стерилизация семян подсолнечника (Helianthus annuus L.) является сложной задачей из-за особенностей их морфологии. Шероховатая и пористая поверхность семян способствует адгезии микроорганизмов, что значительно затрудняет процесс обеззараживания. В данной работе проведена комплексная оценка эффективности различных химических агентов, применяемых для поверхностной стерилизации: этанола (C₂H₆O), перекиси водорода (H₂O₂), перманганата калия (KMnO₄), гипохлорита натрия (NaClO), нитрата серебра (AgNO₃), а также их комбинаций. Результаты показали, что большинство испытанных веществ, включая этанол (70–96%), перекись водорода (1–3%), перманганат калия (0,5–1%) и гипохлорит натрия (1–15%), не обеспечивают полной стерильности семян, независимо от концентрации и времени экспозиции. Наибольшую эффективность в устранении поверхностной контаминации продемонстрировал нитрат серебра. При концентрациях 1–5% и времени обработки 7–15 минут данный агент полностью подавлял рост микроорганизмов, не вызывая при этом значительного снижения жизнеспособности семян. Однако в некоторых вариантах опыта наблюдалось частичное повреждение корневой системы проростков, что указывает на необходимость точного подбора параметров стерилизации.Исследование подтверждает, что для семян подсолнечника требуется индивидуальный подход при разработке протоколов стерилизации, учитывающий баланс между эффективностью обеззараживания и сохранением физиологических характеристик семян. Полученные данные представляют практическую ценность для фитопатологических, микробиологических и биотехнологических исследований, где необходим стерильный растительный материал. Результаты работы могут быть использованы для оптимизации методов предпосевной обработки семян в лабораторных и производственных условиях, а также при разработке новых способов обеззараживания семян с высокой микробной обсемененностью.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Surface sterilization of sunflower seeds (Helianthus annuus L.) is challenging due to their morphological characteristics. The rough and porous surface of the seeds promotes microbial adhesion, significantly complicating the disinfection process. This study comprehensively evaluates the effectiveness of various chemical agents used for surface sterilization: ethanol (C₂H₆O), hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂), potassium permanganate (KMnO₄), sodium hypochlorite (NaClO), silver nitrate (AgNO₃), and their combinations. The results showed that most of the tested substances, including ethanol (70–96%), hydrogen peroxide (1–3%), potassium permanganate (0.5–1%), and sodium hypochlorite (1–15%), do not ensure complete seed sterility, regardless of concentration and exposure time. Silver nitrate demonstrated the greatest effectiveness in eliminating surface contamination. At concentrations of 1–5% and a treatment time of 7–15 minutes, this agent completely inhibited microbial growth without significantly reducing seed viability. However, in some experimental variants, partial damage to the seedling root system was observed, indicating the need for precise sterilization parameters.This study confirms that sunflower seeds require an individualized approach when developing sterilization protocols, balancing disinfection effectiveness with the preservation of the physiological characteristics of the seeds. The obtained data are of practical value for phytopathological, microbiological, and biotechnological research requiring sterile plant material. The results of this study can be used to optimize pre-sowing seed treatment methods in laboratory and industrial settings, as well as to develop new methods for disinfecting seeds with high microbial loads.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>Предпосевная обработка</kwd><kwd>химические дезинфектанты</kwd><kwd>эндопатогены</kwd><kwd>поверхностная стерилизация</kwd><kwd>семена подсолнечника</kwd><kwd>микробная контаминация</kwd><kwd>Helianthus annuus</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>pre-sowing treatment</kwd><kwd>chemical disinfectants</kwd><kwd>endopathogens</kwd><kwd>surface sterilization</kwd><kwd>sunflower seeds</kwd><kwd>microbial contamination</kwd><kwd>Helianthus annuus</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Богданова К.О., Доланбаева Г.Т., Николаева В. Н., Вноровская Е.В. 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