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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">phytosanitary</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Фитосанитария. Карантин растений</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Plant Health and Quarantine</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2782-327X</issn><publisher><publisher-name></publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.69536/FKR.2025.67.86.006</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">phytosanitary-205</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ДИАГНОСТИКА</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>DIAGNOSTICS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Молекулярно-генетические методы, применяемые для детекции карантинных объектов. Инновации, вызовы и перспективы</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Molecular genetic methods used for detection of quarantine pests. Innovations, challenges and prospects</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0009-1679-9893</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Никитинский</surname><given-names>Д. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Nikitinsky</surname><given-names>Denis A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Никитинский Денис Александрович, младший научный сотрудник-начальник ЦКП «Молекулярная генетика»,</p><p>р. п. Быково, м.о. Раменский, Московская обл., 140150.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Denis A. Nikitinsky, Junior Researcher, Head of the Resource Sharing Center “Molecular Genetics”, </p><p>Bykovo, Ramenskoye, Moscow Oblast, 140150.</p><p> </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">denpreffect@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0002-0991-9841</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Никитинская</surname><given-names>Е. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Nikitinskaya</surname><given-names>Ekaterina V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Никитинская Екатерина Вадимовна, младший научный сотрудник ЦКП «Молекулярная генетика»,</p><p>р. п. Быково, м. о. Раменский, Московская обл., 140150.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ekaterina V. Nikitinskaya, Junior Researcher, Specialist of the Resource Sharing Center “Molecular Genetics”,</p><p>Bykovo, Ramenskoye, Moscow Oblast, 140150.</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">nikitinskajacat@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">ФГБУ «Всероссийский центр карантина растений» (ФГБУ «ВНИИКР»)<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">All-Russian Plant Quarantine Center (FGBU “VNIIKR”)<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>26</day><month>08</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>85</fpage><lpage>107</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Никитинский Д.А., Никитинская Е.В., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Никитинский Д.А., Никитинская Е.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Nikitinsky D.A., Nikitinskaya E.V.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://phytosanitary.vniikr.ru/jour/article/view/205">https://phytosanitary.vniikr.ru/jour/article/view/205</self-uri><abstract><p>Карантинные объекты представляют глобальную угрозу для сельского хозяйства, вызывая потери урожая до 30% ежегодно. В связи с климатическими изменениями и развитой международной торговлей, появлением новых крупных поставщиков семенного и посадочного материала, а также готовой продукции требуется своевременно реагировать на новые вызовы – совершенствовать существующие подходы и разрабатывать новые решения для обеспечения продовольственной безопасности, анализа фитосанитарных рисков максимально точными и быстрыми методами. Традиционные методы детекции, такие как микробиологический посев и серологические тесты, требуют значительных временных затрат (до 14 дней) и часто недостаточно специфичны. Молекулярно-генетические подходы, основанные на анализе ДНК/РНК, позволяют решить эти проблемы, обеспечивая раннее обнаружение патогенов до появления симптомов, дифференциацию штаммов на уровне генома, мониторинг резистентности к антибиотикам и пестицидам, возможность оценки эффективности средств защиты, обнаружение латентных патогенов при отсутствии внешних проявлений. Современные молекулярно-генетические технологии революционизируют диагностику карантинных организмов, бактерий, грибов, оомицетов и вирусов. В статье представлен анализ методов, включая метод полимеразной цепной реакции (ПЦР), изотермическую амплификацию (LAMP), секвенирование нового поколения (NGS) и CRISPR-системы, с акцентом на их уникальные преимущества, существующие ограничения и практическое применение. Особое внимание уделено интеграции этих технологий в фитосанитарный мониторинг для предотвращения распространения карантинных и сельскохозяйственно значимых организмов. Практические результаты, получаемые с использованием молекулярно-генетических методов, демонстрируют, что комбинация методов значительно повышает точность диагностики, а развитие портативных платформ расширяет возможности полевых исследований.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Quarantine pests pose a global threat to agriculture, causing annual crop losses of up to 30%. Due to climate change and developed international trade, the emergence of new large suppliers of seeds and planting material, as well as finished products, it is necessary to promptly respond to new challenges – to improve existing approaches and develop new solutions to ensure food security, analyze pest risks with the most accurate and rapid methods. Traditional detection methods, such as microbiological culture and serological tests, require significant time (up to 14 days) and are often not specific enough. Molecular genetic approaches based on DNA / RNA analysis can solve these problems, providing early detection of pathogens before symptoms appear, differentiation of strains at the genome level, monitoring resistance to antibiotics and pesticides, the ability to assess the effectiveness of protective equipment, and detection of latent pathogens in the absence of external manifestations. Modern molecular genetic technologies are revolutionizing the diagnosis of quarantine pests, bacteria, fungi, oomycetes and viruses. The article presents an analysis of methods, including the polymerase chain reaction (PCR), isothermal amplification (LAMP), next-generation sequencing (NGS) and CRISPR systems, with an emphasis on their unique advantages, existing limitations and practical applications. Particular attention is paid to the integration of these technologies into phytosanitary monitoring to prevent the spread of quarantine and agriculturally significant organisms. Practical results obtained using molecular genetic methods demonstrate that a combination of methods significantly improves the accuracy of diagnostics, and the development of portable platforms expands the possibilities of field research.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>Карантинные организмы</kwd><kwd>фитопатогены</kwd><kwd>ПЦР</kwd><kwd>LAMP</kwd><kwd>CRISPR-Cas</kwd><kwd>NGS</kwd><kwd>диагностика</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Quarantine pests</kwd><kwd>phytopathogens</kwd><kwd>PCR</kwd><kwd>LAMP</kwd><kwd>CRISPR-Cas</kwd><kwd>NGS</kwd><kwd>diagnosis</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Антонова О.С., Рудницкая Г.Е., Тупик А.Н., Буляница А.Л., Евстрапов А.А., Курочкин В.Е. «Полимеразная цепная реакция:. Приборная и методическая реализация. 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