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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">phytosanitary</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Фитосанитария. Карантин растений</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Plant Health and Quarantine</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2782-327X</issn><publisher><publisher-name></publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.69536/t5481-2640-1422-q</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">phytosanitary-110</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ДИАГНОСТИКА</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>DIAGNOSTICS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Исследование праймеров для диагностики фитоплазм из группы Apple proliferation</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Study of primers for the diagnosis of phytoplasmas from the Apple proliferation group</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9014-4179</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Башкирова</surname><given-names>И. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Bashkirova</surname><given-names>I. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Башкирова Ида Геннадьевна, младший научный сотрудник – и. о. начальника научно-методического отдела вирусологии и бактериологии; аспирант</p><p>р. п. Быково, г. Раменское, Московская обл.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ida Bashkirova, Junior Researcher, Acting Head of Research and Methodology Department of Virology and Bacteriology; postgraduate student</p><p>Bykovo, Ramenskoye, Moscow Oblast</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">bashkirovaid@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6474-8913</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Каримова</surname><given-names>Е. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Karimova</surname><given-names>E. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Каримова Елена Владимировна, кандидат биологических наук, старший научный сотрудник – начальник научно- методического отдела вирусологии и бактериологии</p><p>р. п. Быково, г. Раменское, Московская обл.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Elena Karimova, PhD in Biology, Senior Researcher, Head of Research and Methodology Department of Virology and Bacteriology</p><p>Bykovo, Ramenskoye, Moscow Oblast</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">elenavkar@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3584-9130</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Смирнова</surname><given-names>И. П.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Smirnova</surname><given-names>I. P.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Смирнова Ирина Павловна, доктор биологических наук, заслуженный профессор</p><p>г. Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Irina Smirnova, Advanced Doctor in Biology, Honored Professor</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">smir-ip@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБУ «Всероссийский центр карантина растений» (ФГБУ «ВНИИКР»); ФГАОУ ВО «Российский университет дружбы народов» (ФГАОУ ВО «РУДН»)</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>FGBU “All-Russian Plant Quarantine Center” (FGBU “VNIIKR”); Federal State Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Education “Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia” (FGAOU VO “RUDN University”)</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБУ «Всероссийский центр карантина растений» (ФГБУ «ВНИИКР»)</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>FGBU “All-Russian Plant Quarantine Center” (FGBU “VNIIKR”)</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГАОУ ВО «Российский университет дружбы народов» (ФГАОУ ВО «РУДН»)</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Federal State Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Education “Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia” (FGAOU VO “RUDN University”)</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2022</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>25</day><month>08</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>26</fpage><lpage>36</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Башкирова И.Г., Каримова Е.В., Смирнова И.П., 2022</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2022</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Башкирова И.Г., Каримова Е.В., Смирнова И.П.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Bashkirova I.G., Karimova E.V., Smirnova I.P.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://phytosanitary.vniikr.ru/jour/article/view/110">https://phytosanitary.vniikr.ru/jour/article/view/110</self-uri><abstract><p>Одними из наиболее опасных вредных организмов для растений являются фитоплазмы. Фитопатоге­ны из группы Apple proliferation (16SrX) вызывают фитоплазмозы у семечковых и косточковых куль­тур, которые приводят к огромным потерям пло­дово-ягодной продукции по всему миру. В группу 16SrX входят, в частности, такие некультивируе­мые бактерии: Candidatus Phytoplasma mali, которая вызывает болезнь пролиферации яблони (Apple proliferation); Candidatus Phytoplasma pyri, которая вызывает болезнь истощения груши (Pear decline); Candidatus Phytoplasma prunorum, вызывающая ев­ропейскую желтуху косточковых (European stone fruit yellows). Первые два вида включены в Единый перечень карантинных объектов Евразийского эко­номического союза (ЕАЭС). Несмотря на то что эти фитоплазмы входят в одну группу, им присущи разные естественные растения-хозяева, насекомые-переносчики, а также различный набор харак­терных симптомов у инфицированных растений. В статье приведены данные по изучению аналити­ческих характеристик (специфичность и чувстви­тельность) специфичных праймеров для выявле­ния фитопатогенных микроорганизмов из группы Apple proliferation методом полимеразной цепной реакции (ПЦР) в режиме реального времени и для последующей видовой идентификации возбудите­ля заболевания пролиферации яблони Candidatus Phytoplasma mali с использованием специфичных праймеров методом классической ПЦР. В ходе экс­периментов получены качественные специфичные продукты амплификации. Установлено, что с по­мощью исследуемой пары праймеров для класси­ческой ПЦР возможно диагностировать и идентифицировать возбудителя пролиферации яблони в зараженном растительном материале. В работе осуществлен анализ исследуемых специфичных праймеров с использованием онлайн-сервиса NCBI Primer-BLAST. Для проведения исследований ис­пользовали коллекцию ДНК фитоплазм из различ­ных групп: Apple proliferation, Stolbur, Foxtail palm yellow decline, Peanut witches’ broom, Elm yellows.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>One of the most dangerous pests for plants are phy­toplasmas. Phytopathogens from the Apple prolifera­tion group (16SrX) cause phytoplasmoses in pome and stone fruit crops, which lead to huge losses of fruit and berry products around the world. The 16SrX group in­cludes, in particular, such uncultivated bacteria as: Candidatus Phytoplasma mali, causing apple proliferation; Candidatus Phytoplasma pyri, resulting in pear decline; Candidatus Phytoplasma prunorum, leading to European stone fruit yellows. The first two species are included in the Common List of Quarantine Pests of the Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU). Although they be­long to the same group, these phytoplasmas have dif­ferent natural hosts, insect vectors, and a different set of characteristic symptoms in infected plants. The arti­cle presents data on the study of the analytical charac­teristics (specificity and sensitivity) of specific primers for the detection of phytopathogenic microorganisms from the Apple proliferation group by real-time poly­merase chain reaction (PCR) and for subsequent spe­cies identification of the causative agent of apple pro­liferation Candidatus Phytoplasma mali using specific primers classical PCR method. During the experiments, high-quality specific amplification products were ob­tained. It has been established that using the studied pair of primers for classical PCR, it is possible to diag­nose and identify the causative agent of apple proliferation in infected plant material. In this work, the analy­sis of the studied specific primers was carried out using the NCBI Primer-BLAST online service. For research, we used a collection of phytoplasma DNA from various groups: Apple proliferation, Stolbur, Foxtail palm yel­low decline, Peanut witches’ broom and Elm yellows.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>фитопатоген</kwd><kwd>идентификация</kwd><kwd>ПЦР</kwd><kwd>фитоплазмозы</kwd><kwd>плодовые культуры</kwd><kwd>карантин растений</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>phytopathogen</kwd><kwd>identification</kwd><kwd>PCR</kwd><kwd>phytoplasmoses</kwd><kwd>fruit crops</kwd><kwd>plant quarantine</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Авторы благодарны кандидату биологических наук Г.Н. Бондаренко (ФГБУ «ВНИИКР»), коллективу ООО «Синтол» (Россия), коллективу Института сельскохозяйственных исследований Валенсии (Institut Valencia d’Investigacions Agraries, IVIA) за предоставление материалов для исследования.</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The authors are grateful to PhD in Biology G.N. 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